Glaucoma is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it can develop gradually without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss occurs. However, being aware of the signs and risk factors of glaucoma can aid in early detection and timely treatment. Here are some signs and symptoms of glaucoma:
Open-Angle Glaucoma (Most Common Type):
Gradual Loss of Peripheral Vision: Open-angle glaucoma typically progresses slowly, causing a gradual loss of peripheral vision. This often goes unnoticed until the later stages of the disease.
Tunnel Vision: As glaucoma advances, the visual field may narrow further, leading to tunnel vision, where only central vision remains intact.
Blind Spots: Glaucoma can cause blind spots in the peripheral vision, which may become more apparent over time.
Difficulty Adjusting to Low Light: Individuals with glaucoma may experience difficulty adapting to dim lighting conditions, such as when entering a dark room.
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (Less Common, but an Emergency):
Sudden Severe Eye Pain: Acute angle-closure glaucoma can cause sudden, severe eye pain, often described as a deep ache.
Headaches: Glaucoma-related headaches are typically severe and may be accompanied by nausea or vomiting.
Blurry Vision: Vision may become blurry or cloudy, particularly in one eye, due to increased pressure within the eye.
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Halos Around Lights: Halos or rainbow-colored rings may appear around lights, especially in low-light conditions.
Other Signs and Risk Factors:
Elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP): Increased pressure within the eye is a significant risk factor for glaucoma. However, not everyone with glaucoma has elevated IOP, and not everyone with elevated IOP develops glaucoma.
Optic Nerve Damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which is assessed during a comprehensive eye examination, is a hallmark sign of glaucoma.
Family History: A family history of glaucoma increases the risk of developing the condition, particularly if a close relative has been diagnosed with glaucoma.
Regular Eye Exams:
Since glaucoma often presents without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, regular comprehensive eye examinations are crucial for early detection. During an eye exam, your eye care professional will measure intraocular pressure, assess the health of the optic nerve, and evaluate the visual field to detect signs of glaucoma. Early detection and treatment are essential for preserving vision and preventing vision loss from glaucoma. If you have any risk factors for glaucoma or experience any concerning symptoms, such as changes in vision or eye pain, it's important to consult with an eye care professional promptly.
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