Angle-closure glaucoma is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent vision loss and manage symptoms. Treatment options aim to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), alleviate symptoms, and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Here are some common treatment options for angle-closure glaucoma:
Emergency Management:
Medications: Intravenous or oral medications may be administered to lower intraocular pressure rapidly. These medications typically include osmotic agents (such as mannitol or glycerin) and/or medications to decrease aqueous humor production (such as acetazolamide).
Topical Medications: Eye drops, such as prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, alpha-adrenergic agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, may be prescribed to lower intraocular pressure over time.
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI): This is a common and effective procedure used to treat angle-closure glaucoma. During an LPI, a laser is used to create a small hole in the iris, allowing aqueous humor to flow more freely between the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, relieving the blockage causing angle closure.
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Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty (LPIA): In cases where LPI alone may not be sufficient, LPIA can be performed. This procedure involves using a laser to shrink and pull back the peripheral iris, widening the drainage angle and reducing the risk of angle closure.
Trabeculectomy: In cases where medications and laser procedures are ineffective or not suitable, trabeculectomy may be recommended. This surgical procedure creates a new drainage channel in the eye to allow aqueous humor to bypass the blocked drainage angle, thus lowering intraocular pressure.
Lens Extraction: If the angle closure is caused by a swollen lens (phacomorphic glaucoma), removing the lens through cataract surgery may be necessary to relieve the blockage and lower intraocular pressure.
Oral Medications: In addition to topical medications, oral medications such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or hyperosmotic agents may be prescribed to further reduce intraocular pressure and manage symptoms.
Regular Monitoring: After initial treatment, regular follow-up visits with an ophthalmologist are essential to monitor intraocular pressure, assess optic nerve damage, and adjust treatment as needed.
It's important to note that the choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, the underlying cause, the patient's overall health, and individual preferences. Therefore, treatment plans should be tailored to each patient by an experienced eye care professional. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma, seek immediate medical attention for proper diagn
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