Iritis, also known as anterior uveitis, is inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. Here are common treatment options for iritis:
Topical Corticosteroids: Corticosteroid eye drops are the mainstay of treatment for iritis. These medications help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms such as pain, redness, and light sensitivity. Prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, or fluorometholone are commonly prescribed corticosteroid eye drops. The frequency and duration of treatment depend on the severity of inflammation and the individual's response to therapy.
Topical Cycloplegics: Cycloplegic eye drops, such as cyclopentolate or homatropine, may be used to dilate the pupil and reduce pain associated with iritis by relaxing the muscles inside the eye. Dilating the pupil also helps prevent the formation of adhesions between the iris and the lens (posterior synechiae) and reduces the risk of complications such as glaucoma.
Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): NSAID eye drops, such as ketorolac or nepafenac, may be prescribed as adjunctive therapy to corticosteroids to further reduce inflammation and discomfort in iritis. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators.
Oral Corticosteroids: In cases of severe or refractory iritis, oral corticosteroids (such as prednisone) may be prescribed to provide systemic anti-inflammatory effects. Oral corticosteroids are usually reserved for cases where topical treatment alone is insufficient or when there is a risk of vision-threatening complications,
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Periocular or Intraocular Corticosteroid Injections: In some cases of severe or recurrent iritis, corticosteroid injections may be administered around the eye (periocular) or directly into the eye (intraocular) to deliver high concentrations of medication to the inflamed tissues and achieve rapid symptom relief.
Immunomodulatory Therapy: In cases of chronic or recurrent iritis, especially if associated with underlying autoimmune conditions or systemic diseases, immunomodulatory agents such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, or biologic agents (e.g., adalimumab, infliximab) may be prescribed to suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation.
Treatment of Underlying Conditions: If iritis is secondary to an underlying condition, such as an infection (e.g., herpes simplex virus, toxoplasmosis) or systemic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), treating the underlying cause is essential for controlling inflammation and preventing recurrences.
Close Monitoring: Individuals with iritis should undergo regular follow-up appointments with an ophthalmologist to monitor response to treatment, assess for complications, and adjust therapy as needed. Long-term management may involve tapering medications gradually to prevent relapses while minimizing side effects.
It's important for individuals with iritis to seek prompt evaluation and treatment by an eye care professional to prevent complications and preserve vision. Untreated or inadequately managed iritis can lead to complications such as posterior synechiae, cataracts, glaucoma, or vision loss.
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