Pterygium is a non-cancerous growth of tissue on the conjunctiva, which is the thin, clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye. Treatment options for pterygium depend on the severity of symptoms and the extent of the growth. Here are some common treatment options:
Artificial Tears: Lubricating eye drops can help relieve dryness and irritation associated with pterygium. These drops may be used to alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation.
Topical Steroids: Inflammation caused by pterygium can be treated with corticosteroid eye drops or ointments. These medications help reduce swelling and redness, but long-term use should be monitored by an eye care professional due to potential side effects.
Surgery: Surgical removal of the pterygium may be necessary if it causes significant discomfort, affects vision, or continues to grow despite other treatments. Surgical options include:
Excision: The pterygium is surgically removed from the surface of the eye. This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and may involve grafting tissue onto the affected area to prevent recurrence.
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Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: In cases where the pterygium has caused significant scarring or damage to the surface of the eye, an amniotic membrane graft may be used to promote healing and reduce inflammation.
Conjunctival Autografting: This technique involves removing the pterygium and replacing it with healthy tissue from another part of the conjunctiva. Conjunctival autografting has been shown to have low recurrence rates and good long-term outcomes.
Radiation Therapy: In some cases, low-dose radiation therapy may be used to prevent recurrence of the pterygium following surgical removal. However, this treatment option is less common and may be associated with potential risks and side effects.
Preventive Measures: Once a pterygium has been treated or removed, preventive measures can help reduce the risk of recurrence. These may include wearing sunglasses with UV protection, using artificial tears to keep the eyes moist, and avoiding exposure to environmental irritants such as dust and wind.
It's important to consult an eye care professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of pterygium. They can assess the severity of the condition, discuss treatment options, and recommend the most appropriate course of action based on individual needs and preferences. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes for individuals with pterygium.
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