A chalazion, commonly known as an eyelid cyst, is a non-infectious, inflammatory lump or bump that develops within the eyelid. It typically occurs when a meibomian gland, which produces oily secretions to lubricate the eye, becomes blocked or obstructed. Here's a deeper understanding of chalazion:
Causes:
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: The most common cause of a chalazion is blockage of the meibomian glands located along the eyelid margins. This blockage can occur due to thickening or hardening of the gland's secretions, leading to the formation of a cyst.
Bacterial Infection: In some cases, a chalazion may develop as a result of a bacterial infection of the meibomian gland, leading to inflammation and the formation of a cyst-like bump.
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Individuals with seborrheic dermatitis, a chronic skin condition characterized by oily or flaky skin, may be more prone to developing chalazia due to increased oil production and glandular dysfunction.
Poor Eyelid Hygiene: Inadequate eyelid hygiene, such as failure to remove makeup or debris from the eyelids, can contribute to the accumulation of oil, dirt, and bacteria along the eyelid margins, increasing the risk of gland blockage and chalazion formation.
Symptoms:
Eyelid Swelling: A chalazion typically presents as a painless, firm lump or swelling on the eyelid, often near the eyelash line. The size of the chalazion can vary from a small pea-sized bump to a larger, more noticeable mass.
Eyelid Tenderness: Although chalazia are usually painless, larger or more inflamed cysts may cause mild tenderness, discomfort, or a sensation of pressure on the eyelid.
Redness and Inflammation: The skin overlying the chalazion may appear red, inflamed, or irritated, especially if the cyst is located near the surface of the eyelid.
Blurred Vision: In rare cases, a large chalazion located near the edge of the eyelid may exert pressure on the cornea or distort the shape of the eyelid, leading to temporary blurred vision or astigmatism.
Treatment:
Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to the affected eyelid several times a day can help soften the blocked gland secretions, promote drainage, and reduce inflammation associated with a chalazion.
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Eyelid Massage: Gently massaging the eyelid in a circular motion after applying warm compresses can help facilitate drainage of the blocked gland and promote resolution of the chalazion.
Topical Antibiotics: If there are signs of bacterial infection or inflammation, your healthcare provider may prescribe topical antibiotics or steroid eye drops to reduce swelling and prevent secondary infection.
Incision and Drainage: In cases where a chalazion fails to resolve with conservative measures, your healthcare provider may perform a minor surgical procedure to incise and drain the cyst, allowing for the removal of accumulated fluid and debris.
Steroid Injections: In some cases, a corticosteroid injection may be administered directly into the chalazion to reduce inflammation and promote resolution of the cyst.
Eyelid Hygiene: Practicing good eyelid hygiene, including regular cleansing of the eyelids with warm water and mild soap, and avoiding the use of harsh cosmetic products or eye makeup, can help prevent recurrence of chalazia.
Chalazia typically resolve spontaneously within a few weeks to months with conservative treatment measures. However, if a chalazion persists, enlarges, or causes significant discomfort or visual disturbances, it's important to seek evaluation and management by an eye care professional, such as an ophthalmologist or optometrist, for further assessment and treatment options.
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